1941-1963

http://goanimate.com/videos/0OT1dIqed2NY?utm_source=linkshare People:
 * 1941-1963
 * #7Winston Churchill (Katie)
 * #1 Harry S Truman
 * #2 Dwight D Eisenhower (Nick)
 * #10 General Douglas MacArthur
 * #4 John F. Kennedy (Ryan) -- I CHANGED MY PEOPLE BECAUSE I CAN, just kidding, LBJ began his presidency in 1963
 * #5Nikita Khrushchev
 * #3 Martin Luther King Jr. (Brianna)
 * #8 Jackie Robinson
 * #9 Julius and Ethel Rosenburg (Kyle)
 * #6Fidel Castro

Events:
 * #9 Bataan Death March (Katie)
 * #6 Korematsu vs. United States
 * #10 Nuremburg Trials (Nick)
 * #4 Potsdam Conference
 * #3 Truman Doctrine (Ryan)
 * #7 Korean War
 * #5 Brown vs. Board of Education (Brianna)
 * #8 March on Washington
 * #1 Cuban Missile Crisis (Kyle)
 * #2 Kennedy assassination

Truman Doctrine (March 12, 1947 to end of Cold War) -RV **5 things that Influenced Development: **Why is it important (factual): **How Event Influenced Development of US:
 * The Russian Civil War, ending in 1922, brought communists to power in Russia.
 * The death of Franklin D. Roosevelt brought VP Truman to the presidency
 * The dropping of the A-bombs ended World War II which was the only connecting thread between the US and USSR
 * The Greek Civil War breaking out brought international eyes to the conflict between communism and democracy
 * The English plea to the US for aid in supporting the Greek government against the communists
 * Established America as the primary international defender against communism
 * Gave America responsibility to “... support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."
 * Effectively began the Cold War era of communist expansionism and western democratic resistance
 * Enhanced the United States’ position in the world as international policeman.
 * Drew the US into a 45 year struggle with the USSR driving rapid technological advances in both countries
 * Accelerated development of the US as the greatest power in the world
 * Brought America out of isolationism for good

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) -RV <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**5 things that Influenced Development: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Why is it important (factual): <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**How Event Influenced Development of US:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The dropping of the A-bomb on Hiroshima which brought the Soviets into the Pacific War and gave them the perfect opportunity to storm down the Asian coast into North Korea.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The treaties ending the War provided for the splitting of Korea at the 38th parallel.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The establishment of NATO brought western democracies and others together for mutual defense.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truman doctrine established America as the primary defender against communism throughout the world.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">North Korean aggression and invasion of South Korea began the war.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Three year conflict which characterized the Cold War with the Soviets supplying one side and the US supplying the other.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Not a very productive war, with the results leaving Korea in the same position as before.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Reinforced the stalemate that was the Cold War.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kept the Cold War going
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Established wartime practices with the UN forces
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Brought support back home for the position of the US abroad

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Fitzgerald Kennedy(May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963) -RV <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history:** Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">While only getting the chance to serve three years as President before being brutally assassinated with a bullet to the head, JFK endured a lot as president. JFK blew away precedents set before him by his predecessors, and set several new precedents that would be carried out to the full extent by those who came after him. He also lead America strongly during a time of great stress between the USSR and the US. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Broken Precedents
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Youngest president ever elected
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First Catholic president
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">New Precedents
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Support for Civil Rights - work carried out by LBJ later
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Concentration on education and healthcare - also carried out by LBJ
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cold War Stresses
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bay of Pigs Invasion
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cuban Missile Crisis
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Building of Berlin Wall

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nikita Khrushchev (April 15, 1894 – September 11, 1971) -RV <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history:** Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Khrushchev, who came to power in the Soviet Union in 1953 succeeding Joseph Stalin, ushered in a less repressive era of Soviet rule. His administration saw attempts to calm high tensions with the US. However, despite his cuts in conventional military forces, his years as leader of the Soviets saw the tensest years of the Cold War and on several occasions, the successive conflicts almost exploded into World War III. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Attempts to calm Cold War tensions
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Reduction in Armed Forces and conventional weapons
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nixon’s visit to the Soviet Union
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Khrushchev’s visit to the United States
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ideas for detente
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Escalating Cold War tensions
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cuban Missile Crisis
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Launch of Sputnik I
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Missile Gap”
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">U-2 Crisis
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Construction of Berlin Wall

=**__ Bataan Death March: April 9, 1942 (KV) __**=

Leading up to the event: Why it is important & the impact on America:
 * The Americans were fighting in the Philippine Islands against the Japanese
 * On April 9, 1942, the American and Filipino troops could no longer fight due to a lack of ammo, food, and strong men, so they decided to surrender
 * When the Japanese General Masahuro Homma came to transport the men, were too many to be carried by truck
 * All 12,000 men were forced to march 70 miles up the Bataan Peninsula
 * Thousands of men died along the journey either from the heat, exhaustion, lack of food and water, or from simply lagging behind and getting bayoneted or shot
 * Only a small fraction of men made it back alive
 * The event sparked outrage in America because of the cruel treatment of the troops
 * It filled Americans with hatred, and gave them yet another reason to continue fighting

=**__ Korematsu vs. United States: Decided on December 18, 1944 (KV) __**= Leading up to the event: Why it is important & the impact on America:
 * After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Americans were afraid of another attack
 * Executive Order 9066 was initiated by Roosevelt
 * It allowed for Japanese on the west coast of the United States to be sent into internment camps and detained until the war ended
 * It was deemed constitutional because it was a time of war and the country’s safety was at stake
 * Families were given a 24 hour noticed before being driven out into the desert and placed in the camps
 * Approximately 110,000 Japanese were placed into 10 large camps
 * The conditions were miserable: cold temperatures, thin-walled barracks and uncomfortable cots, no plumbing, inadequate food, and overcrowding
 * Americans were hypocrites; just as Americans scolded Hitler for putting the Jews in camps, they were doing the same thing back at home
 * It was a very embarrassing time for America, and it is often a part of history that people tend to forget about or skip over
 * However, it helps to show just how worried people were during the war, and these actions gave them a sense of security

=**__ Brown vs. Board of Education (BS) __**=
 * === Court Case Name: Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka ===
 * === Chief Justice Earl Warren presided over the case ===
 * === This court case decalred separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional ===
 * === This decision overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson ===

=__** March On Washington (BS) **__=
 * === March On Washington for Jobs and Freedom was held in Washington, DC on August 28, 1963 ===
 * === The march represented a group of Civil Rights Organizations ===
 * === The March On Washington demanded the passage of meaningful civil right laws, an end to racial segregation in public schools, protection against police brutality, provide jobs, and the passage of prohibiting racial discrimination in public areas ===
 * === 250,000 people attended ===



=__Nuremberg Trials (NF)__=


 * Trials by victorious allies against war criminals of the Nazi Third Reich
 * Used to punish those guilty of crimes of war, crimes against humanity, and Crimes against peace.
 * First Meeting about international war laws.
 * Served as precedents for
 * The Genocide Convention
 * The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 * The Nuremberg Principals
 * The Geneva Convention

=__Potsdam Conference (NF)__=


 * Meeting of the big three after V-E day
 * Discussed the outcomes of the war, including treaties, punishments, and plans for rebuilding
 * Communist Soviet Union kept many satellite nations due to lack of pressure from Britain and America
 * Declared that Japan would be faced with utter and complete destruction if they did not surrender
 * Japan didn't and they got nuked.

//__**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cuban Missile Crisis (KS) **__//


 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">It was a thirteen-day confrontation between the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other.
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The crisis occurred in October 1962, during the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cold War.
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Cuban and Soviet governments secretly began to build bases in Cuba for a number of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) with the ability to strike most of the continental United States.

//__**Assassination of Kennedy (KS)**__//



=**__ Winston Churchill: 1874-1965 (KV) __**= About: Why he is important:
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">He was assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963, in <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Plaza, Dallas <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas governor John Connally, and the latter's wife Nellie, in a Presidential motorcade.
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">They concluded that the President was <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald acting alone
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">They concluded that the President was <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald acting alone
 * He was always very active in politics and the military
 * Was well known throughout England, and became popular when he was appointed as First Lord of the Admiralty and soon after became chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee in 1940
 * He wanted to create an alliance with France and the Soviet Union, and he helped to organize attacks against Hitler
 * He is famous for giving a speech about the “Iron Curtain” that divided Europe immediately following WWII
 * It is well known that he and President Roosevelt were close friends
 * He was the one who agreed to the Lend-Lease agreement in 1941
 * Churchill was one of the “Big Three” because he was an excellent and influential leader during WWII

=**__ Harry Truman: 1884-1972 (KV) __**= About: Why he is important: =**__Martin Luther King Jr. (BS)__**=
 * He became a Senator in 1934
 * Elected as the 33rd president in 1945
 * Witnessed the signing of the charter that would create the United Nations
 * While in office he ordered the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan
 * He introduced his “Fair Deal” which helped raise employment and create new social organizations to the benefit of society
 * Truman ran again in 1948, campaigning with his foreign policy being his number one strength
 * In 1950, he began the Korean War, but tried to keep the conflict limited
 * He is most famous for his decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan; even today, his decision is still being debated
 * He also began the Korean conflict (Korean War)
 * ==="A man who won't die for something is not fit to live."===
 * ===He was born in Atlanta, Georgia===
 * ===He graduated from Morehouse College with a BA in 1948===
 * ===He led the black boycott of segregated city bus lines and in 1956 was a major voice for Civil Rights===
 * ===He believed in nonviolent protests===
 * ===King led the March On Washington where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech===
 * ===He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott and found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)===

=__**Jackie Robinson (BS)**__=
 * ===Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson===
 * ===Born January 31, 1919===
 * ===American baseball player===
 * ===He became the first African American Major League Baseball (MLB) player===
 * ===Robinson broke the color line when he played for the Brooklyn Dodgers===
 * ===Robinson represented bringing an end to racial segregation in professional baseball===
 * ===He was also the first African American television analyst in MLB, First African American vice-president of a major American business===
 * ===He established the Freedom National Bank===
 * ===Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and Congressional Gold Medal===
 * ===The MLB retired his jersey number 42===

=**__Dwight D(iggity).__** __Eisenhower (NF)__=


 * 34th president of the united states
 * Responsible for the Eisenhower doctrine
 * Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe
 * Republican
 * Interventionist
 * Wanted to Fight communism

=__**General Douglas MacArthur (NF)**__=


 * Youngest Major General
 * Was pushed out of the Philippines by the Japanese
 * Escaped to Australia
 * Was Awarded the Medal of Honor for his defense of the Philippines
 * Returned to the Philippines, liberating them
 * Oversaw the Japanese surrender
 * Served as effective ruler of occupied japan from 1945-1951, overseeing economical and political reforms



//__**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ethel and Julius were Rosenberg (KS) **__//


=//__**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fidel Castro (KS) **__//= [] [] [] [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_American_internment#References_In_Music] [] []
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ethel and Julius were Rosenberg <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">American communists who were convicted and executed on June 19, 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war. Their charges were related to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. This was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history.======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Many innocent scientists, including some who were virulently anti-communist, were investigated simply for having the last name "Rosenberg." ======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">In 2008, Morton Sobell admitted he was a spy and confirmed Julius Rosenberg was "in a conspiracy that delivered to the Soviets classified military and industrial information and what the American government described as the secret to the atomic bomb." ======
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fidel Castrois a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008.
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The United States was alarmed by his involvement in the overthrow of Batista and relationship with Soviet Premier <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nikita Khrushchev, implementing an economic blockade of the island. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower also ordered the CIA to overthrow him, which they unsuccessfully tried through multiple assassination attempts and the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961.
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">To counter this threat, Castro forged an economic and military alliance with the Soviet Union and allowed them to store nuclear weapons on the island, leading to the events of the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962
 * __ Sources __** :

en.wikipedia.org/.../**March_on_Washington**_for_Jobs_and_Freedom [|www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/.../king-bio.html] [|www.**jackierobinson**.com/] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Brown**_**v**._**Board_of_Education**