1783-1820


 * =__**Timeline (by Katie Vaughn)**__=
 * January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790: Benjamin Franklin-
 * February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799: George Washington-
 * October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826: John Adams
 * April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826: Thomas Jefferson
 * March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836: James Madison-
 * January 11, 1755 – July 12, 1804: Alexander Hamilton
 * April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831: James Monroe-
 * March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845: Andrew Jackson-
 * April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852: Henry Clay
 * September 3, 1783: Treaty of Paris
 * May 25 – September 17, 1787: Philadelphia Convention
 * July 13, 1787: Northwest Ordinance
 * December 15, 1791: Signing of the Bill of Rights
 * March 14, 1794: Cotton Gin Invented
 * 1798: Alien and Sedition Acts
 * May 14, 1800: Capital Change
 * February 24, 1803: Marbury vs. Madison
 * April 30, 1803: Louisiana Purchase
 * May 14, 1804 - September 23, 1806: Lewis and Clark
 * June 18, 1812 – February 18, 1815: War of 1812

=__Events__=

__-The Treaty of Paris (by Katie Vaughn)__The American Revolution came to an end in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. This treaty formally ended the fighting between the thirteen colonies and Britain. Any other countries involved had their own agreements written out elsewhere.Within the Treaty of Paris were ten points that stated: 10.The treaty must be ratified within six months.This treaty was so important because it is the document that granted America its independence. = = ==__-Philadelphia Convention (May 14-September 17,1787) __ -Ryan Visser ==
 * 1) ====The United States was free from all foreign rule.====
 * 2) ====There were established boundaries between American and British lands.====
 * 3) ====Americans had the right to fish off of the Canadian coast previously occupied by the British.====
 * 4) ====Debts were to be paid to both sides.====
 * 5) ====All confiscated lands will be returned to their rightful owners.====
 * 6) ====All loyalist land in the future would be protected from being confiscated.====
 * 7) ====Prisoners of war are to be released on both sides.====
 * 8) ====The Americans and British would have access to the Mississippi River.====
 * 9) ====Territories captured by the Americans would be returned to the British.====

**5 things that Influenced Development:
The development of the Philadelphia Convention, also called the Constitutional Convention, was influenced by several events and ideas including the Revolutionary War, the realization of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the 1780s Depression, Shay’s Rebellion, and the Annapolis Convention. The victory of the thirteen colonies during the American Revolution led this new country to establish a system of government under a document called the Articles of Confederation. Although, It was established to be weak, citizens soon realized that it was too weak. The government had no way to enforce laws or collect taxes, leading them to desire a stronger central government which could do these things. The 1780s depression streamed from the colonists’ loss of British buyers after the Revolution. This, combined with the high taxes imposed to help pay war debt, sent Daniel Shays and a group of Massachusetts farmers over the edge and into violence. This uprising was named Shays’ Rebellion and helped convince many citizens that a stronger central government was a necessity. The final straw that led to the Philadelphia Convention and the drafting of a new Constitution was the Annapolis Convention in 1786. When delegates from only five of the thirteen states met there, they new that it was time to revise the Articles of Confederation and called for a meeting to be held the following year for that purpose.

**Why is it important (factual):
The Philadelphia Convention is probably the most important event contributing to the development of the United States of America. The delegates sent to Philadelphia decided to completely abandon the weak government established by the Articles of Confederation and draft a whole new Constitution for America. After months of debating and countless compromises including the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Electoral College Compromise, the convention finalized the Constitution and all of the delegates there signed it. This Constitution established all three branches of government, their responsibilities, and limits on their power; the majority of this document has not been changed to this day demonstrated how greatly crafted this document was.

**How Event Influenced Development of US:**
This event was greatly influential upon the development of the US because, the document that was crafted at this Convention became the base ffrom which all American governmental authority and power comes. Also, the Constitution established the three branches, Judicial, Executive, and Legislative, gave them responsibilities, and limits.

==__-Northwest Ordinance (July 13, 1787)__ -Ryan Visser ==

**5 things that Influenced Development:

 * Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War turned the Ohio River Valley over to Britain.
 * The American Revolution gave the colonists the need to govern their own country and access to this land.
 * The Articles of Confederation set-up the first federal government in America that had the ability to accomplish this sort of task.
 * The Americans believed that they had the right to these lands and should be able to participate in government even if they moved out there.
 * The Land Ordinance of 1785 set-up the way in which this land was to be divided up and sold.

**Why is it important (factual):
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This event was important because it established the process by which smaller territories within the Northwest Territory and elsewhere would eventually become states.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**How Event Influenced Development of US:
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Northwest Ordinance influenced the development of the US by providing the pathway by which a territory could become a state. The thought that one could move out to the frontier where there were plentiful opportunities and still participate in the democracy drove many people to move west and settle that part of the land. These lands were soon settled, and the farmers there provided crops for their eastern neighbors.

What influenced it:

 * ====American Fear of Government====
 * ===="Natural Rights"====
 * ====Formation of the Anti-Federalists====
 * ====Articles of Confederation====
 * ====Constitutional Convention====

Why it was important and its affect on history:
====The Bill of Rights made a list of rights that the people of the united states were given bythe US government, and couldnt be taken away without proper ratification of the constitution. Born by the fear of an all powerful government, this document was seen as another attempt by the founding fathers to keep the people safe from a large government and to protect their "natural rights." This Document set the precedent among Americans that they are free. It influenced how every citizen would act by telling them exactly what they could and couldn't do.====

__Cotton Gin (1794).__ -Nicholas Fontana
Early in cotton production history, the seeds had to be manually separated from the seed pods. This is a problem that was often tried to fix by small inventions, but was never really solved until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. This new machine turned was used to take hundreds of man hours, into an automated process that could be done in a day. The invention of the cotton gin made cotton production incredibly profitable, and southern plantations began to produce cotton as a major cash crop. The much larger fields of cotton needed more slaves to be worked. This caused the southern economies to be reliant on slaves. This reliance, along with other factors, eventually led to the Civil War. When the north tried to abolish slavery, the south seceded because they believed that their economy may be destroyed by the change.


 * __Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)__ - Brianna Smith**

The Federalists argued that the possibility of open war with France and attempts at espionage by French agents in the United Sates required Congress to pass laws on national security. The Alien & Sedition Acts are a pair of laws passed under Adams' Administration to draw attention away from the XYZ Affairs: These measures sparked Jefferson into publishing the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
 * 1) The Naturalization Act: extended the duration of aliens to become citizens of the United States from five to fourteen years
 * 2) The Alien Act: the president could deport any alien if they were a threat to the peace of the United States of America
 * 3) The Alien Enemies Act: the president could deport any alien back to their home country if they were at war with the United States of America
 * 4) The Sedition Acts: made it a crime to publish false, scandalous writing against government official

Five events that influenced The Alien & Sedition Acts:
 * 1) The French Revolution
 * 2) Adams Presidency
 * 3) Two parties emerging
 * 4) Bill of Rights
 * 5) Hamilton's Financial Plan

**__The Capital movement from Philadelphia to Washington D.C.__ (1800) - Kyle Smith**

 * On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution.
 * James Madison said that he US capital city shouldn't be in a state because it'd be easier to protect and maintain
 * The United States Congress moved from Philadelphia to Washington D.C. in 1800.

__Five events that influenced the movement:__
 * It was moved to keep the national capital seperate from the states
 * Madison wanted the capital to be its own territory
 * Hamilton wanted a place where the federal government could rule
 * The southern colonies wanted the capital down south but the northern colonies wanted it up north, so they settled for the middle
 * The U.S Constitution declared a capital to be assigned

Marbury vs. Madison was the first time a law was declared unconstitutional. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States (under Article III of the Constitution), and defined the boundaries between the executive and judicial branches of the American government. This case brought the Judicial Branch on a more even power basis with the Legislative and Executive Branches.
 * __Marbury vs. Madison (1803)__ - Brianna Smith**

Five events that influenced Marbury vs. Madison:
 * 1) Thomas Jefferson was elected president in 1800
 * 2) Judiciary Act of 1801
 * 3) John Adams appointed 16 Federalist judges and 42 Federalists called Midnight Judges
 * 4) Marbury filed a claim to the Supreme Court
 * 5) Jefferson did not want to appoint Marbury as a Midnight Judge

**__Louisiana Purchase (1803)__ - Kyle Smith**
On Saturday, April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. The Americans aquired the land from the French for a total sum of 15 million dollars (less than 3 cents per acre) for the Louisiana territory.

Things that influenced the development of the Louisiana Purchase:
 * Pickney’s Treaty
 * Jay’s Treaty
 * Napoleon believed that France could no longer sustain Louisiana and France's overseas interests
 * Westward expansion
 * Lewis and Clark's expedition's

__-War of 1812 (by Katie Vaughn)__
The War of 1812 was a war that raged between the American colonies and Britain. It began on June 18, 1812 and went on for almost three years until peace was declared on February 18, 1815. The war began after Americans were being forced to serve as part of the British navy, American ships were attacked, and disputes over the Canadian border grew. The Native Americans also joined in on the fighting, looking to get back at the colonists for taking their land. During the course of the war, the fighting was staged on three main fronts: the Great Lakes, American and Canadian soil, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Treaty of Ghent finally ended the war, however, no territorial claims were made on either side.After all of the fighting, no advances were made. The war did however have an important impact on the colonies. It brought the colonies together, stimulated economic growth, and created a feeling of political agreement.



=__**People**__ (-should probably be in chronological order also-)=

==__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benjamin Franklin (January 17,1706-April 17, 1790) __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -Ryan Visser == ===<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history: === <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In addition to being one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States, Benjamin Franklin was also a great author, printer,politician,scientist, inventor,and diplomat. Being the oldest delegate of the Philadelphia Convention, he served a critical role in mediating the debates and suggesting his wise input in order to build a strong Constitution. ===<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important: === __George Washington (by Katie Vaughn)__Sometimes referred to as the “Father of his Country,” George Washington is probably one of the most influential men in American history. Not only was he the first president of the United States of America, he was a member of two Continental Congresses, he fought in the French and Indian war, and he was an officer during the American Revolution. He helped to set the precedent for every president after him, and he always showed pride and a strong sense of nationalism. His actions were able to secure America’s success. George Washington is also well known for his farewell address. He made several key points that he thought the country should follow: He warned against political parties, forming alliances, and sectionalism. Although not all of these ideas have been followed, his legacy has lived on through each president and great leader since.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benjamin was the oldest representative at the Philadelphia Convention and deeply respected by all who attended
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benjamin Franklin served as a US minister to France from 1778-1785 and was replaced by Thomas Jefferson.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac which became a very popular work and still is to this day.

**__ James Madison __ - Kyle Smith **

 * Fourth president of the United States (1809-1817).
 * Known as "The Father of The Constitution".
 * "Father of the Bill of Rights ** " **
 * Main author of The Federalist Papers.



__Andrew Jackson__ - Kyle Smith

 * The Seventh President of the United States (1829–1837)
 * As president he destroyed the national bank
 * The 1830-1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy
 * Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory"
 * Helped form the modern Democratic Party



__Henry Clay__ -Nicholas Fontana

 * War Hawk
 * The Great "Compromiser"
 * Missouri COmpromise
 * Compromise of 1850
 * Nullification Crisis



__Hamilton__ -Nicholas Fontana

 * The ideal Federalist
 * National Bank
 * Economic Plan
 * Removal of Debt
 * Founding Father
 * Constitutional Lawyer



__-Lewis & Clark (by Katie Vaughn)__ Meriwether Lewis, born on August 18, 1774, and William Clark, born on August 1, 1770, were some of the greatest explorers in American history. Together, the two men paired up and traveled across the western United States in search of the Pacific Ocean. From May 14, 1804 to September 23, 1806, they wrote journals about their findings and drew maps detailing the new land. They are credited as the first men to explore the new territory.Their willingness to explore the new frontier opened up the doors for western expansion. They not only showed bravery, but they inspired a drive in people to travel to new places. Without them, the west may not have been settled as soon as it was, slowing down the expansion of the United States.
 * __James Monroe__ - Brianna Smith**
 * 5th President of the United States serving 1817-1825
 * studied under Jefferson
 * played a key role in the negotiation of the Lousiana Purchase
 * served as Secreatry of State under Madison
 * signed the Missouri Compromise and issued the Monroe Doctrine

Sources:

War of 1812:http://www.mrnussbaum.com/history/18122.hthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812 Lewis & Clark:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition Treaty of Paris:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783) Marbury vs. Madison: [] Alien & Sedition Acts: [] George Washington: []

Louisiana Purchase : []

Movement from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. : [].