1918-1941

= = http://www.xtranormal.com/watch/13298650/hitler-and-hitler =The People= R-Warren G. Harding #5 R-Calvin Coolidge #4 K-Herbert Hoover #3 K-Vladimir Lenin #9 B-Andrew Mellon #10 B-Joseph Stalin #8 Ky-Adolf Hitler #1 Ky-Franklin Delano Roosevelt #2 N-Benito Mussolini #6 N-Winston Churchill #7 =The Events= R-19th amendment #7 R-Pearl Harbor #1 K-Dawes Plan #8 K-Stock Market Crash #4 B-Scopes Monkey Trial #3 B-Treaty of Versailles #2 Ky-Spanish Civil War #9 Ky-Appeasement (Munich Pact) #5 N-Nonaggression Pact #6 N-Battle of Britain #10

=The People=


 * __Warren G. Harding (March 4, 1921 - August 2, 1923) RV __**

**Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history:** Although his administration was filled with corrupt ion and scandals, Harding did help America in its return to ‘normalcy’ and isolationism post World War I and the strengthening of the economy leading into the Roaring Twenties.
 * Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important:**
 * Refused join the League of Nations and become entangled in world affairs
 * Promoted worldwide naval disarmament at the Washington Naval Conference
 * Unemployment rate dropped by 50% during his administration
 * Created the Budget Bureau which helped direct and streamline national spending
 * Income Tax cuts ending post-war recession

 **Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history:** In addition to bettering public opinion on the White House after the scandals of his predecessor, Coolidge reduced the reach and scale of the National Government through his ideas of laissez-faire government and also oversaw the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties.
 * __Calvin Coolidge (August 2, 1923 - March 4, 1929) RV __**
 * Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important:**
 * Coolidge appointed his men to the Federal Trade Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission who did next to nothing to regulate the economy
 * He lowered tax rates and reduced federal expenditures
 * He was conservative and said very little

=__Adolf Hitler (KS)__=




 * Dictator of Nazi Germany
 * Known for his fascism in Europe
 * World War II leader
 * World War I veteran
 * Invasion of Poland and the systematic murder of 11 million people with 6 million being Jews
 * He is important because he was the one person who triggered WW2

=__Franklin D. Roosevelt (KS)__=


 * 32nd President of the United States
 * Renewal of national spirit due to the Great Depression
 * In his first 100 days in office he issued the New Deal
 * FDR's famous quote after the tragedy at Pearl Harbor, "a date which will live in infamy"
 * he had a massive stroke on March 29, 1945 which killed him

=The Events=

 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**5 things that Influenced Development: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Why is it important (factual): <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**How Event Influenced Development of US:
 * __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Women’s Suffrage (August 18,1920) RV __**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The United States Constitution did not specifically outline suffrage
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">All states chose to refuse women the right to vote
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Women’s Suffrage Movement
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Failure of three separate US Supreme Court Cases pushing for women’s suffrage
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Drafting and introduction of the amendment in 1878 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Women finally given same rights as men
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sexual stereotypes began to disappear
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A bigger base of voters was now available to vote in all elections
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A woman voting block eventually arose, but not until later

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**5 things that Influenced Development: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Why is it important (factual): <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**How Event Influenced Development of US:
 * __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) RV __**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japan’s imperialistic desires in the Pacific
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japanese invasion of Manchuria
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japanese invasion of French Colonies and American stoppage of oil sales to Japan
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japan’s belief that the US was willing and able to respond to their conquering of the British Colonies in Southeast Asia
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Japan’s ideas of a ‘preemptive strike’ to neutralize the US pacific fleet
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Shocked the American public and people in higher offices
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Led to FDR’s declaration of war of Japan
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Germany and Italy then declared war on the United States due to their commitment to the Tripartite Pact
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">FDR then declared war on Germany and Italy and the US was pulled into World War II
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Attack led to US entry into World War II which ended all attempts by the US at isolationism
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Completely changed the foreign policy of America
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">US began to be more involved in world affairs and issues
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eventually shaped the US into the ‘world police’ they are today

__ Why He is Important: __
 * __ Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) KV __**
 * Once served as the head of the Food Administration and the American Relief Administration, and as the Secretary of Commerce
 * Elected as the 31st president in 1929
 * After crash, he kept the federal budget balanced, cut taxes, and increased public spending
 * Believed in very little government intervention
 * Proposed to Congress the Reconstruction Finance Corporation; designed to aid businesses, help bankrupt farmers, reform banks, loan money to states, and help with public service projects
 * Opponents attacked his proposal
 * Ordered the army to remove the “Bonus Army” that was marching in Washington, DC
 * Was crushed when he tried to run again in 1932
 * Because he was president during the great stock market crash, he was wrongly blamed for the crash and the Great Depression that followed.


 * __ Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) KV __**

__ Why He is Important: __
 * Was a revolutionary in St. Petersburg, Russia
 * Arrested and exiled to Siberia
 * Returned In 1901 and became the leader of the Bolshevik party
 * Led the October Revolution in 1917
 * Successfully took over the government and appointed Soviet leaders to all positions
 * Let his people suffer through famines; killed up to 5 million people
 * He survived multiple assassinations
 * He was able to overthrow the government in Russia and set up his own government, which was similar to socialism. He is infamous for being incredibly cruel, and he caused many Russians to die due to his lack of concern for the wellbeing of his countrymen.



=__** Andrew Mellon BS **__=
 * ====== Andrew William Mellon born March 24, 1855 ======
 * ====== An American banker, industrialist, and Secretary of the Treasury ======
 * ====== Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ======
 * ====== Apart of the Republican Party ======
 * ====== Attended Western University of Pennsylvania ======
 * ====== Set up a lumber and coal business which turned into a profitable enterprise ======
 * ====== Helped organize the Union Trust Company and Union Savings Bank of Pittsburgh ======
 * ====== Later Mellon used new technologies to explore interests not only in banking, but also in coal, shipbuilding, oil, trains, birdge construction, steel, insurance, and aluminum ======



=__**Joseph Stalin BS**__=
 * ======Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin born December 18, 1878======
 * Premier of the Soviet Union
 * Stalin led the Soviet delegation at the Yalta and Potsdam Conference, which drew the map of post-war Europe
 * Dictator
 * He turned the Soviet Union into a world superpower
 * Stalin pursued an economic policy of mobilizing the entire country to achieve the goal of rapid industrialization

__ Why This is Important: __
 * __ Dawes Plan (Aug. 1924) KV __**
 * Was proposed by Charles G. Dawes
 * Created a plan to steadily pay back war reparations to Germany
 * Was accepted by Germany
 * Was immediately beneficial to both American and Germany
 * Hurt Germany in the long run because it wasn’t able to keep paying the set amount
 * The plan was successful. In America, it was able to keep inflation down, and unemployment decreased. In Germany, the plan stabilized their currency and increased foreign investments with the country.

__**Benito Mussolini (NF)**__

 * Italy's Dictator.
 * Leader of the National Fascist Party.
 * Lead Italy into WWII on the AXIS side.
 * Got beheaded and hung upside down on public display after death.
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Mussolini_biografia.jpg/250px-Mussolini_biografia.jpg]]

=**__Winston Churchill (NF)__**=
 * Led Britain against Nazi Germany during WWII
 * Was known for inspiring speeches and radio broadcasts
 * Refused surrender against Germany
 * Replaced Neville Chamberlain in 1940


 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sir_Winston_S_Churchill.jpg/245px-Sir_Winston_S_Churchill.jpg]]

__ Why This Event is Important: __
 * __ Stock Market Crash (Oct. 1929) KV __**
 * In the years leading up to the crash, stocks were selling at record prices
 * Between risky investments and over-confidence, the stock bubble burst, sending stock prices plummeting
 * Happened on October 29, 1929; known as Black Tuesday
 * People made runs on the banks, withdrawing all their money
 * Banks and businesses went bankrupt
 * Unemployment soared
 * The Crash of 1929 was the most devastating crash in American history. The immediate affect was a depression that left businesses bankrupt and millions unemployed. A system was quickly put in place that would prevent the market from ever dropping to such low levels again.

=**__Scopes Monkey Trials BS__**=
 * ======Original name given to the trial was The State of Tennessee vs. John Thomas Scopes======
 * Background: a high school science teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating the Tennessee's Butler Act ( which made it unlawful to teach evolution)
 * Scopes was found guilty but the rule was overtuned on a technical point and he went free
 * Case was on July 21, 1925
 * Judge: John J. Raulston



=**__Treaty of Versailles BS__**= =__Nonaggression__ **__Pact (NF)__**=
 * ======A peace settlement signed after World War One ended in 1918======
 * The treaty was signed on June 28, 1919
 * Signed between Germany and the Allies
 * Called for heavy reparations, German disarmament, and creation of the League of Nations
 * The Treaty of Versailles does establish League of Nations but ignores most other Fourteen Points proposals; treaty also requires Germany to pay heavy reparations that result in widespread economic depression, rise of Adolph Hitler and German militarism, and ultimately World War II
 * Three important people there were david Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson ( referred to as the Big Three)
 * Allies: France, Britain, Italy, Japan, and United States
 * Agreement between Nazis and Soviets to not fight
 * Hitler wanted Poland without combat
 * Hitler wanted to avoid a 2 front war
 * Gave soviets half of Poland as well as the Baltic states
 * Revoked when Germany invaded Russia in 1941

=__**Battle of Britain (NF)**__=
 * Known also as the air battle for Britain
 * Luftwaffe attempted to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force
 * First campaign fought with mostly airplanes
 * Happened during the summer and fall of 1940
 * Germany never gained air superiority
 * Germany couldn't invade Britain due to (above)



= = =__Spanish Civil War (KS)__=


 * Major conflict fought in Spain
 * The Nationalists (rebels) were aided by Italy and Germany
 * The Republicans were aided by the Soviet Union and a little by Europe and the US
 * Testing ground for tank and air warfare
 * Major event leading up to WW2

=__Appeasement (Munich Pact) (KS)__=


 * Agreement permitting the Nazi Germany annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland
 * Conference held in Munich, Germany
 * Adolf Hitler and the Nazis were encroaching on Sudetenland
 * __Sources:__**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover#Presidency_1929.E2.80.931933
 * Hoover:** http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/herberthoover

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin#Lenin_and_World_Revolution
 * Lenin:** http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml


 * Dawes:** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Plan

[]
 * Crash:** http://www.themoneyalert.com/stockmarketcrashof1929.html


 * Mellon:** []


 * Stalin:** []


 * Trials:** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Scopes**_**Trial**
 * Treaty:** []