1963-1988

=Important People (list)=


 * 4. Ronald Reagan -Ry
 * 1. Richard Nixon -Ry
 * 6. Lyndon B. Johnson- KV
 * 2. Gerald Ford- KV
 * 3. Thurgood Marshall- BS
 * 9. Malcolm X- BS
 * 8. George Wallace-KS
 * 5. Martin Luther King Jr.-KS
 * 7. Robert Kennedy (NF)
 * 10. Jimmy Carter (NF)

=Important Events (list)=


 * 3. Tet Offensive -Ry
 * 2. The Berlin Wall- KV
 * 10. Helsinki Accords -Ry
 * 4. The Great Society- KV
 * 9. Civil Rights Act of 1964- BS
 * 8. Kent State and Jackson State Incident- BS
 * 7. Bay of Pigs- NF
 * 1. Watergate- NF
 * 5. The Gulf of Tonkin-KS
 * 6. Apollo 11-KS

=Important People=

Ronald Reagan (January 20, 1981 - January 20, 1989)  **Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history:** Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important:
 * Ronald Reagan ushered in an era of New Conservatism that changed America as a whole. Reagan favored a smaller role of the government in the lives of American citizens. Also, economically, Reagan leaned toward supply-side economics where he would help the big-businesses who would in turn help the common people. Foreign policy wise, Reagan viewed the Soviets as the biggest evil in the modern world and turned completely around from the Detente of Nixon and Carter. **
 * 25% tax cuts for the wealthy
 * Huge increases in defense spending
 * Huge budget deficits and crippling of the welfare state
 * Greatly improved relations between the US and Soviets (Gorbachev)

Richard Nixon (January 20, 1969 - August 9, 1974)  **Analysis of why they are important and significant to US history:** Factual Information that supports the identification of them as important:
 * Richard Nixon’s presidency, although it ended badly, brought peace to the US in many aspects including foreign and domestic policy. Nixon was the peace-keeper of his time and once was quoted as saying, “the greatest honor history can bestow is the title of peacemaker.” **
 * Vietnamization and the Nixon Doctrine led to less troops deployed overseas in Vietnam and therefore more peace for American families
 * The War Powers Act went backwards on the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and limited the President’s war-making powers, providing for future peace.
 * Nixon’s policy of Detente which improved relations between the Soviet Union and China
 * SALT treaty led to reduced Cold War tensions

=__ Jimmy Carter (NF) __=
 * 39th president of the US
 * Former Peanut farmer
 * Seen as a "weak" president due to lax foreign policies
 * Iran Hostage Crisis made his popularity plummet
 * President during 3-mile island

=__Robert Kennedy (NF)__=
 * Democratic Senator from New York
 * Civil Rights Activist
 * Served as attorney general
 * Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan
 * Member of the Kennedy family, younder brother to JFK



=**__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Thurgood Marshall- BS __**=
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NAACP lawyer for Brown vs. Board of Education
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">becomes the first black justice on the United States Supreme Court
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">born July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Marshall was the Court's 96th justice
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">he served from October 1967 to October 1991 as an Associate Justice
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">he argued more cases in the United States Supreme Court than anyone else
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">served on the United State Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit after being appointed by President John F. Kennedy during August 1961- August 1965
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Solicit General appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson during August 1965- August 1967
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">alma mater at Lincoln University and Howard University School of Law
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" In recognizing the humanity of our fellow beings, we pay ourselves the highest tribute"



=**__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Malcolm X- BS __**=
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">African American leader who breaks with Nation of Islam
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">founds organization for Afro-American Unity
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Muslim minister and human rights activist
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">taught black supremacy and advocated separation of black and white Americans
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 in New York City
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything"



__**<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 20pt;">George Wallace-KS **__

 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">An American <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">politician and the 45th governor of Alabama ======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">After four runs for <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">U.S. president (three as a Democrat and one on the American Independent Party ticket), he earned the title, "the most influential loser" in the 20th century US politics ======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">A 1972 assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed, and he used a wheelchair for the remainder of his life. ======
 * ======<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Southern populist and segregationalist <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">attitudes during the desegregation period ======

__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 20pt;">Martin Luther King Jr.-KS **__

 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">He was an American <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement ======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Best known for his role in the advancement of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolen methods following the teachings of Mohandas Karamchandi Gandhi ======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Martin Luther King Jr. has become a national icon in the history of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">modern American liberalism ======
 * ======<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">King's efforts led to the 1963 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">March on Washington, where King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history ======

=Important Events=

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tet Offensive (Early 1968)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**5 things that Influenced Development: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Why is it important (factual): <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**How Event Influenced Development of US:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Beginning of Cold War and competition between the US and USSR and their respective political ideologies
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kennan’s containment theory that called for international defense against the spread of communism
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The domino theory that argued if one country fell to communism, the others around it would soon follow
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The partition of Vietnam at the 17th parallel following the Geneva Accords
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lyndon B. Johnson’s Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964 and the declaration of war on the Viet Cong that followed
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Vietnam War was already an unpopular war due to unclear objectives there
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This violent surprise attack on the US and South Vietnamese forces, although it was quickly put down, lost the last little bit of support Lyndon B. Johnson had in America
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Going into the 1968 presidential election, this not a good thing for LBJ’s image and soon after the offensive, he announced he would not be running for a second term.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Tet Offensive made the Federal Government and military realize how much support for a foreign war actually matters
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It increased tensions at home for peace and made war a critical part of a party’s platform
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This ushered in the new era of Nixon and his great achievements in detente and New Federalism at home

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Helsinki Accords (August 1, 1975) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**5 things that Influenced Development:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Why is it important (factual): <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**How Event Influenced Development of US:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The advent of communism in Russia following the Russian Revolution which separated it from the other countries of the world in terms of political ideas.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The end of World War II which brought on the creation of a line of new states from the Mediterranean Sea to Finland and the splitting of Germany into West and East.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Soviets’ domination of these Eastern European states and introduction of communism into them.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The signing of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by the western democracies and the Warsaw Pact for the USSR and communist block nations.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The outbreak of the Cold War and the financially taxing arms race that followed
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Promoted peace and cooperation between eastern and western european states
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Provided for more relaxed tensions to be made between the US and USSR later on while Jimmy Carter was president
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Led to decreased spending for national defense in the future although it was increased during Ronald Reagan’s terms
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Led to relaxed tensions between the US and USSR leading to the end of the Cold War later on

=__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Civil Rights Act of 1964- BS __=
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Civils Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination in education, employment, and public accommodations against African Americans and women
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">introduced in the House as H.R. 7152 by Emanuel Celler on June 20, 1963
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">effective July 2, 1964
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">it ended unequal application of voter registration requirements
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the bill was addressed by John F. Kennedy in his civil rights speech on 1963. He asked for "giving all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public- hotels, restaurants, theathers, retail stores, and similiar establishmnets," as well as "greater protection for the right to vote."



=__**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kent State and Jackson State Incident- BS **__=
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">in 1970 National Guardsmen shot and killed several student antiwar protestors at Kent State University( Ohio) and Jackson State University( Mississippi)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">occured on May 4, 1970 at 12: 24 Eastern time
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">four people died and nine were injured
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">many young people, college students and teachers were concerned about being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">protested against the American invasion of Cambodia



=**__ The Great Society: 1974-1977 (KV) __**= = =

Leading up to the event:

 * Kennedy had set up a domestic policy he called the “New Frontier”
 * When he was assassinated in 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson became president
 * Johnson took many of Kennedy’s New Frontier ideas and incorporated them into his own policy called the “Great Society”
 * Borrowed ideas not just from Kennedy, but from Roosevelt’s Square Deal ad Truman’s Fair Deal
 * It was focused on: gaining civil rights, stimulating the economy, reducing poverty, bettering education, providing healthcare to the old and poor, provide public broadcasting, have more transportation, create jobs, and protect the environment

Why it is important & the impact on America:

 * The Great Society was a fantastic idea, however, the Vietnam War was being fought at the same time
 * Critics of Johnson said that the spending for the war was cutting off money to the programs he had tried to enact

=__ Bay Of Pigs (NF) __=
 * CIA trained Cuban exiles invaded Cuba in an attempt to assassinate Fidel Castro
 * Failed
 * Horrible Foreign policy PR for Kennedy
 * Affirmed the oppositions ideas that he was too young to lead the country during the Cold War
 * Made Kennedy look weak, only three months after being elected



=__Watergate Scandal (NF)__=
 * Republican party workers broke into democratic headquarters at the Watergate hotel to steal information about the democratic platform
 * They got caught
 * Nixon attempted to cover it up to avoid bad PR
 * "Deep Throat" released information to two reporters who began asking questions
 * Issue is revealed to general public
 * Nixon Doesnt admit to anything
 * Congress impeaches Nixon.
 * US. vs. Nixon.
 * Nixon resignes begore being impeached



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 20pt;">Gulf of Tonkin
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">An incident involving <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">The outcome of these two incidents was the passage by <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Congress of the Gulf of Tonkin Resoultion, which granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by "communist aggression"
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">The resolution served as Johnson's legal justification for deploying U.S. conventional forces and the commencement of open warfare against North Vietnam



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 20pt;">Apollo 11
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Apollo 11 was the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">spaceflight which landed the first humans, Americans Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr. on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">The mission is considered a major accomplishment in the history of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">exploration
 * <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Armstrong and Aldrin landed in the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sea of Tranquility and became the first humans to walk on the Moon on July 21



=__**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Works Cited **__= >> [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Great_Society] >> [] >> [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall#Erection_of_the_inner_German_border] >> []
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[] BS
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[] BS
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chnm.gmu.edu/courses/122/hill/marshall.htm BS
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|www.malcolmx.com/] BS
 * [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford#Presidency.2C_1974.E2.80.9377]